A deepbite malocclusion should not be approached as a disease entity; instead, it should be viewed as a clinical manifestation of underlying discrepancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the various skeletal and dental components of deep bite malocclusion, the significance of the contribution of each, and whether there are certain correlations between them.

The recognition of the role of craniofacial abnormalities in the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) has led to several treatment strategies to correct or improve craniofacial structures. We report a case of severe OSAS [Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) = 80] in which an increase in the transverse dimensions by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis dramatically decreased the OSAS index.

To evaluate the clinical presentation and polysomnography of prepubertal children with repetitive sleep terrors and sleepwalking, to compare them with a control group, and to evaluate the treatment of associated sleep disorders.

To assess the effect of the type of feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity on occlusion in deciduous dentition, retrospective study of 1130 preschool children (3–5 years of age) who had detailed infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity history collected by a structured questionnaire. They all had an oral examination by a dentist, blinded to different variables evaluated.

Childhood asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), both disorders of airway inflammation, were associated in recent observational studies. Although childhood OSA is effectively treated by adenotonsillectomy (AT), it remains unclear whether AT also improves childhood asthma. We hypothesized that AT, the first line of therapy for childhood OSA, would be associated with improved asthma outcomes and would reduce the usage of asthma therapies in children.

To examine associations between sleep problems during development and subsequent emotional and behavioral difficulties. Parents rated their children's (4-19 years old) sleep at 5 assessments by completing the Child Behavior Checklist. Participants reported on their own emotional and behavioral symptoms at a later assessment (when aged 18-32 years) by completing the Young Adult Self-Report.

To assess the effect of the type of feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity on occlusion in deciduous dentition, retrospective study of 1130 preschool children (3–5 years of age) who had detailed infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity history collected by a structured questionnaire. They all had an oral examination by a dentist, blinded to different variables evaluated.

Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) and social medical history were reported in 29 subjects, aged 23-68 years, with longstanding (5 years or more) bruxing behaviour. The subjects were selected from answers to an advertisement in the local newspaper. The subjects presented many symptoms of a general character including somatic and psycho-social problems, sleep disorders (72%), and pain (86%). More than half of the subjects (55%) had symptoms every day. Frequent aches in the neck, back, throat or shoulders were reported by 69% and frequent headache by 48% of the subjects. The most common symptoms of CMD were pain in the face or jaws (48%), stiffness in the jaws in the morning (44%), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds (34%) and fatigue in the jaws during chewing (38%) and the most common clinical signs were more than three muscles tender on palpation (76%), TMJ-sounds (55%) and tenderness of TMJ on lateral palpation (66%).

The purpose of this paper has been to explore the relationship between upper airway obstruction and craniofacial growth. A review of the literature and of a preliminary study by the author in collaboration with investigators at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh indicate both the spectrum of skeletal and dental configurations which are associated with upper airway obstruction and the significant changes in patterns of facial growth which are observed following removal of the obstruction. Four clinical cases were presented.

Headaches and sleep problems are common complaints in the daily practice of the general practitioner. Since the relationship between headaches and sleep complaints is complex, clear models of interaction are needed for adequate diagnosis and treatment.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are the most common chronic conditions in childhood and have previously been linked to sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD). Aim of the study was to examine the association between SRBD risk and asthma control in children with asthma and with or without AR.

Increased nasal airflow resistance (NAR) may contribute to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) but studies investigating the effects of relieving nasal obstruction in OSAS have produced differing results. There are no reports of intranasal corticosteroid therapy in adult OSAS patients with reversible nasal obstruction.

To determine whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) can be recognized and distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in prepubertal children based on clinical evaluations, and, in a subgroup of the population, to compare the efficacy of esophageal pressure (Pes) monitoring to that of transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (tcPCO2) and expired carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in identifying UARS in children.

The new discoveries relating to cluster headache (CH) encouraged the study of the relationship of the hypothalamus to respiratory physiology and its comorbidity with sleep apnoea. The question is whether the apnoeas are more frequent during REM sleep and the desaturations could be involved as triggers of the cluster attacks. Furthermore, could the connection with the hypothalamus, already proved, be responsible for an alteration in the structure of REM sleep and a chemoreceptor dysfunction. We set out to analyse when polysomnography investigation is necessary in patients with CH. We studied 37 patients suffering from episodic CH, 31 (83.8%) men and six (16.2%) women. For the control group, we selected 35 individuals, 31 (88.6%) men and four (11.4%) women.

Child sleep and adjustment research with community samples is on the rise with a recognized need of explicating this association. We examined reciprocal relations between children’s sleep and their internalizing and externalizing symptoms using 3 waves of data spanning 5 years.

Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 12 subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 132 orthodontic patients. An undergraduate student, an orthodontist, and a dental radiologist independently made linear, area, and volumetric measurements. Linear anteroposterior and transversal measurements, cross-sectional area, sagittal area, minimum axial area, and volume measurements were made. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities, and measurement errors were assessed. Agreement was further assessed with the Bland-Altman method and 95% limits of agreement.

Habitually snoring children are at risk of manifesting disease-related problems even if their sleep studies are overall within normal limits.

The objective of this study was to assess the links between temperament and sleep in a group of preschoolers with ADHD.

This study examined the links between sleep disorders and subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-inattention, ADHD-combined, ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive) in childhood. We set up a hypothetical model linking different symptoms of both disorders to construct the underlying and shared pathways. By examining a sample of children with ADHD we firstly tested parts of the model.

The purpose of this study is to assess the sleep behaviors, sleep problems and frequency, and relationship with psychiatric comorbidities in ADHD Combined type and to evaluate the effect of sleep problems on quality of life. Forty-six boys, aged 7 to 13 years, with ADHD-combined type and 31 healthy boys were included. ADHD children were never treated for sleep or psychiatric disorders. Intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores were minimum 80, body mass index were normal and did not have medical disorders. Parents completed Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Conners’ Parent Rating Scale and The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and participants were asked about sleep behaviors and were administered PedsQL and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.